[2] L. E. Gallo-Ramirez, A. Nikolay, Y. Genzel, and U. Reichl, “Bioreactor concepts

for cell culture-based viral vaccine production,” Expert Rev. Vaccines, vol. 14,

no. 9, pp. 1181–1195, 2015.

[3] Z. Kis, C. Kontoravdi, R. Shattock, and N. Shah, “Resources, production scales and

time required for producing RNA vaccines for the global pandemic demand,”

Vaccines, vol. 9, no. 1, p. 3, 2021.

[4] A. F. Pihl et al., “High density Huh7.5 cell hollow fiber bioreactor culture for high-

yield production of hepatitis C virus and studies of antivirals,” (in eng), Sci. Rep.,

vol. 8, no. 1, p. 17505, Nov. 2018.

[5] C. Gerke, P. N. Frantz, K. Ramsauer, and F. Tangy, “Measles-vectored vaccine

approaches against viral infections: a focus on Chikungunya,” (in eng), Expert Rev.

Vaccines, vol. 18, no. 4, pp. 393–403, Apr. 2019.

[6] E. Suder, W. Furuyama, H. Feldmann, A. Marzi, and E. de Wit, “The vesicular

stomatitis virus-based Ebola virus vaccine: from concept to clinical trials,” (in eng),

Hum. Vaccines Immunother., vol. 14, no. 9, pp. 2107–2113, 2018.

[7] V. Lecouturier et al., “Characterization of recombinant yellow fever-dengue vaccine

viruses with human monoclonal antibodies targeting key conformational epitopes,”

(in eng), Vaccine, vol. 37, no. 32, pp. 4601–4609, Jul. 2019.

[8] D. Kuczera, J. P. Assolini, F. Tomiotto-Pellissier, W. R. Pavanelli, and G. F. Silveira,

“Highlights for dengue immunopathogenesis: antibody-dependent enhancement, cy-

tokine storm, and beyond,” (in eng), J. Interferon Cytokine Res.: Official J. Int.Soc.

Interferon Cytokine Res., vol. 38, no. 2, pp. 69–80, Feb. 2018.

[9] WHO, “WHO Technical Report Series 978,” in “WHO Expert Commitee on

Biological Standardization,” Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization, 2013.

[10] EMA, “ICH Topic Q 5 D, Quality of Biotechnological Products: Derivation and

Characterisation of Cell Substrates Used for Production of Biotechnological/

Biological Products,”United Kingdom:European Medicines Agency London, 1998.

[11] FDA, “Guidance for Industry, Characterization and Qualification of Cell Substrates

and Other Biological Materials Used in the Production of Viral Vaccines for

Infectious Disease Indications,” U.S. Department of Health and Human Services,

Food and Drug Administration, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, 2010.

[12] Y. Genzel and U. Reichl, “Continuous cell lines as a production system for influ-

enza vaccines,” Expert Rev. Vaccines, vol. 8, no. 12, pp. 1681–1692, Dec. 2009.

[13] G. H. Markx and C. L. Davey, “The dielectric properties of biological cells

at radiofrequencies: applications in biotechnology,” Enzyme Microbial. Technol.,

vol. 25, no. 3, pp. 161–171, 1999.

[14] D. A. M. Pais, P. R. S. Galrão, A. Kryzhanska, J. Barbau, I. A. Isidro, and P. M.

Alves, “Holographic imaging of insect cell cultures: online non-invasive monitoring

of adeno-associated virus production and cell concentration,” Processes, vol. 8,

no. 4, Article no. 487, 2020.

[15] D. Kuystermans, A. Mohd, and M. Al-Rubeai, “Automated flow cytometry for

monitoring CHO cell cultures,” Methods, vol. 56, no. 3, pp. 358–365, 2012.

[16] T. Bissinger et al., “Semi-perfusion cultures of suspension MDCK cells enable high cell

concentrations and efficient influenza A virus production,” Vaccine, vol. 37, no. 47,

pp. 7003–7010, 2019.

[17] A. Le Ru, D. Jacob, J. Transfiguracion, S. Ansorge, O. Henry, and A. A. Kamen,

“Scalable production of influenza virus in HEK-293 cells for efficient vaccine

manufacturing,” Vaccine, vol. 28, no. 21, pp. 3661–3671, 2010.

[18] G. Gränicher, J. Coronel, F. Trampler, I. Jordan, Y. Genzel, and U. Reichl,

“Performance of an acoustic settler versus a hollow fiber–based ATF technology for

influenza virus production in perfusion,” Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol., vol. 104,

no. 11, pp. 4877–4888, 2020.

128

Bioprocessing of Viral Vaccines